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Additive Information List

In this list, you’ll find a broken-down explanation of each additive. It’s written in simple language for easy review. This page is updated several times a month so be sure to bookmark it.

Use CTRL+F as an easy way to find additives on our list.

Chart last updated April 27, 22 by Dr. Irene Mazzuca

Additive  Information
Stevia– Sweetener
– Read the label to make sure maltodextrin is not added
– Better in green power form
– Not digested or absorbed in the GI tract
– Does not stimulate the gut
– Zero-calorie and protein-free
– No impact on autophagy or ketosis
Sugar – Sweetener
– Causes glucose and insulin spike
– Stimulates the brain to release feel-good brain chemicals such as dopamine and serotonin, like a drug
– It may make your body craves more after the initial high
Sucralose– Sweetener
– Even it does not cause insulin spikes, it can impact the metabolism
– Stimulates hormone secretion in the gut
Aspartame– Sweetener
– Made up of amino acids
– Contains phenylalanine that inhibits autophagy
– Over time, it can change the gut microbiome and decrease insulin resistance
Saccharin– Extremely sweet
– Slow absorption
– No impact on autophagy
– It may have some impact on insulin
– It can disrupt gut bacteria
– It has been shown to cause liver inflammation 
Maltodextrin– Will raise your blood sugar level higher than table sugar
– 4 calories/gram, like sugar
– It comes from GMO corn
– It can cause side effects like allergic reactions and bacteria associated intestinal disorders
Dextrose– Sweetener very similar to glucose
– The body can quickly use it for energy
– It causes body effects analogous to sugar
Acesulfame potassium– Typically coupled with artificial sweeteners
– Flavor enhancers, are very sweet
– Stable when heated
– It has been shown to disrupt the gut biome
– It has been linked to cancer and thyroid damage
Neotame– Made of 2 amino [im1] acids
– Obtained by N-alkylating aspartame
– It seems safe but more studies are required
 
L-Leucine– It inhibits autophagy
– It stimulates insulin release  
Creatine– It is calorie-free and it does not affect blood sugar
– Many creatine supplements contain added sugar, then they will spike insulin and break the fast 
Electrolytes– Mineral salts 
– If pure, they have no macronutrients or calories
– Electrolyte supplements do break a fast cause they are typically added with sugar
Caffeine– Black coffee does not break the fast
– It stimulates gastrin and promotes gut activity
– It may boost autophagy and ketosis 
Vitamin B– Vitamins themselves do not have calories and do not break a fast
– Some supplements may contain sugars 
Sodium Benzoate– Preservative-harsh ingredient
– It is used in pharmaceuticals
– In soft drinks, it may form benzene
It can alter insulin and glucose homeostasis
Potassium sorbate– A preservative
– It is known as E202
– It may increase insulin resistance
Natural FlavorsGenerally, yes but not a major cause for concern 
Coenzyme q10– Coenzyme q10 itself does not have calories and does not break a fast
– Some supplements may contain sugars  
Cyanocobalamin– Cyanocobalamin itself does not have calories and does not break a fast
– Some supplements may contain sugars   
Beta-Alanine– It is a non-proteinogenic amino acid
– It aids in building muscle mass 
 L-Theanine– Amino acid
– Helps you relax
– signals the brain to help regulate mood and concentration
– may also improve sleep quality
– mostly found in teas (Green tea contains the most)
Taurine– Amino acid
– Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects
– Boosts energy performance
– Improves heart health
– It may regulate adipose-tissue-derived factors
– useful in a weight-loss diet
the amino acids do technically break a fast, but the insulin response is minimum (spike similar to that of water), so it will not reduce any of the potential health benefits of fasting*
L- citrulline malate– can help muscle fatigue and accelerate the recovery
– it improves strength and endurance
– always check that the supplement does not contain added sugar
Glucuronolactone– natural metabolite in the liver
– derived from glucose
– antioxidant
– it is rapidly processed
– as it is a form of sugar, it causes a metabolic response
N-acetyl-L-carnitine HCl– amino acid
– helps the body to make energy from fat
– benefits the nervous system
L-tyrosine– amino acid
– helps mood stability
– it’s better to take it on an empty stomach
Choline Bitartrate– molecule similar to vitamin b
– also called vitamin J
– acts as a precursor for acetylcholine synthesis, a neurotransmitter
– enhances athletic performance
– reduces cholesterol levels and helps in weight loss
– it may boost memory performance
N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine– amino acid
– also called NALT
– a highly bio-available form of tyrosine, more water-soluble but with a lower conversion rate to tyrosine in the body
– a nootropic precursor necessary to replenish neurotransmitters e.g., epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine
– it has anti-stress effects
– it limits cognitive impairment incurred by fast-state hunger
– it can increase thyroid hormones
Adenosine-5 Triphosphate Disodium Salt (ATP)– commonly used by athletes as ergogenic aids
– reduces muscle fatigue
– supplements are not orally bio-available
– increases uric acid concentrations
Fruit Powder– it is dried fruit finely ground
– used as a natural flavoring
– it contains fruit sugar, then calories
– it causes a glycemic and insulin response
Maltodextrin– raises blood sugar levels higher than table sugar
– 4 calories/gram, like sugar
– it comes from GMO corn
– it can cause side effects like allergic reactions and bacteria associated intestinal disorders
Malic Acid– alpha-hydroxy acid found in certain fruits
– plays a role in the energy production in the body
– usually bound with L-citrulline in citrulline malate (L-arginine) components
– boosts sports performance
– used as a food additive, as medicine for dry mouth, as a skin-care ingredient in cosmetics
– it might lower blood pressure
– if taken in a supplement with added sugars, it may break a fast
Citric Acid– alpha-hydroxy acid found in citrus fruits
– in its natural form it is an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory
– it can be made from GMO, and it can derive from a fungus
– can cause mold allergies
– used as a preservative
– if taken in a supplement with added sugars, it may break a fast
Natural Flavors– flavor enhancers
– created from substances extracted from plant or animal sources
– a natural flavor mixture may contain chemicals
– can contain spices, fruit, herbs, dairy, etc.
contains calories
Artificial flavors– flavor enhancers
– created from substances extracted from synthetic chemicals
– mimics the taste of natural ingredients
even if they are zero-calorie may interfere with the fast as they cause an insulin spike
Silicon Dioxide– also known as silica or E551
– food additive
– it has been shown to help flush out aluminum
– some silica supplements contain thiaminase, which can make you lose vitamin B1 faster, and added sugar that can make you break a fast
Acesulfame Potassium– typically coupled with artificial sweeteners
– flavor enhancers, very sweet
– stable when heated
– it has been shown to disrupt the gut biome
it has been linked to cancer and thyroid damage
FD&C Red #40  – artificial colorant for food
– may be dangerous for the body
can cause allergic reactions and other side effects
FD&C Blue #1– artificial colorant for food
– may be dangerous for the body
toxicity has been reported

Collaborator and medical reviewer at dejittr.com. Irene holds a Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery at the Sapienza University of Rome.

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